An Efficient Framework For Performing Execution-Constraint-Sensitive Transformations That Increase Instruction-Level Parallelism( PostScript version, PDF version)
Appendix A ( PostScript version, PDF version) (not included in above file)
John Christopher Gyllenhaal
Ph.D. thesis, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, September 1997.

The increasing amount of instruction-level parallelism required to fully utilize high issue-rate processors forces the compiler to perform increasingly advanced transformations, many of which require adding extra operations in order to remove those dependences constraining performance. Although aggressive application of these transformations is necessary in order to realize the full performance potential, overly-aggressive application can negate their benefit or even degrade performance. This thesis investigates a general framework for applying these transformations at schedule time, which is typically the only time the processor's execution constraints are visible to the compiler. Feedback from the instruction scheduler is then used to aggressively and intelligently apply these transformations. This results in consistently better performance than traditional application methods because the application of transformations can now be more fully adapted to the processor's execution constraints. Techniques for optimizing the processor's machine description for efficient use by the scheduler, and for incrementally updating the dependence graph after performing each transformation, allow the utilization of scheduler feedback with relatively small compile-time overhead.

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